Archlinux网关安装与配置

Archlinux不是滚挂还是滚挂. 试着升级了一下网关(好久没更新了),尝试了pacdiff,不过我显然没有注意到问题所在,虽然还是可以启动,但是好多systemctl service是红的,网络也不行了(netcfg被netctl/networkd替换了),一些服务也不能启动了(估计是group,passwd这些权限问题改乱了). 想想这多问题,还是重装吧.

U盘安装

usbwriter直接写入U盘,也可以dd.

建立网络连接

dhcp

不用配置

静态

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ip a
ip link set extern up
ip addr add externIP dev extern
ip route add default via gatewayIP
vi resolv.conf

啥,还是ping不通? 看看有没有解析出dns,解析了的话应该是网关禁用ping了,当然也可能是软件的一些bug,比如systemd的dhcpd服务,stop掉.

分区格式化

mbr

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cfdisk /dev/sda
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mkswap /dev/sdaX
swapon /dev/sdaX

GPT/UEFI

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cgdisk /dev/sda
...

挂载

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mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
mkdir /mnt/home, /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/home

# UEFI必须持载EFI分区到boot
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/boot

pacman

mirrorlist->china

pacstrap安装

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pacstrap -i /mnt base base-revel

fstab

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genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

检查(比如我就检查出把win挂载到/mnt/home了,果断重新生成.

进入系统

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arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

系统配置

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vi /etc/locale.gen
locale-gen
echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc --utc
echo myhostname > /etc/hostname
vi /etc/hosts
mkinitcpio -p linux
passwd
useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash guys
passwd guys

网络配置

现在systemd的networkd还在开发,果断不用(动不动改来改去,怎么受得了).用netctl(其实和netcfg差不多)

不喜欢自动分配的网卡名,果断放入/etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules

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cp /etc/netctl/examples/ethernet-static /etc/netctl/extern
vi extern
cp /etc/netctl/examples/ethernet-static /etc/netctl/intern
vi intern
netctl enable extern intern

引导

MBR

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pacman -S grub os-prober
grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

UEFI

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pacman -S gummiboot
gummiboot --path=$esp install # $esp为EFI分区所在的设备名

# nano $esp/loader/entries/arch.conf
title          Arch Linux
linux          /vmlinuz-linux
initrd         /initramfs-linux.img
options        root=/dev/sdaX rw

# nano $esp/loader/loader.conf
default  arch
timeout  5

重启

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exit
unmount -R /mnt
reboot

NAT

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sysctl -a | grep forward
sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
cat>/etc/sysctl.d/30-ipforward.conf<<EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1
EOF

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o internet0 -j MASQUERADE
iptables -A FORWARD -i net0 -o internet0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables-save > /etc/iptables/iptables.rules
systemctl enable iptables.rules

ssh

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pacman -S openssh
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_conf

OK,基本配置好了.

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